Editorial

The Italian Association for Stress Analysis (AIAS) was founded in 1971 by researchers from academia, research centers, and industry. AIAS was intended as a community where to discuss, share, and develop scientific knowledge related to all technical aspects of stress analysis. In the years, from an initial focus on experimental techniques, AIAS contributed considerably to the development of modern numerical methods and computational techniques for mechanical engineering design. In 2015, AIAS turned in the Italian Scientific Society of Mechanical Engineering Design.Today, AIAS is an institutional partner that supports the instances from academia in the subject area of mechanical engineering design. Every year, AIAS organizes a technical conference offering the possibility to present research updates, share new ideas, and foster collaborations. The AIAS conference has become a fundamental event for all those interested in current developments in mechanical engineering design and stress analysis, where to meet researchers, testing equipment, and software developers.The 51st AIAS Conference edition was held in Padova, Italy again in presence after two years of online-only events due to the COVID-19 pandemic.The response of researchers and students has been outstanding: over 200 oral contributions have been presented during the three days of the conference, with four parallel sessions. In addition to the thematic sessions on AIAS traditional subjects, special sessions on additive manufacturing, energy methods for structural analysis, circular design in mechanical engineering, and mechanical behavior under extreme conditions, have been successfully organized with the contribution of the AIAS technical committees.Among all contributions presented at the conference, 48 have been selected to be published after peer review, in this volume. This was made possible thanks to the active participation of all AIAS members, to the work of the AIAS Scientific Committee and Conference Papers Review panel (Profs Giovanni Meneghetti, AIAS Scientific Coordinator, Luciano Afferrante, Francesco Bucchi, Filippo Cianetti, Enrico Armentani, Marco Sasso). Their outstanding contribution is gratefully acknowledged.DisclaimerAIAS2022 Conference was held in presence on Sept. 7-10, 2022. Presentations were arranged in four parallel sessions with a time slot of 15 min assigned to each presenter. Approximately 250 participants attended the conference during the three days event. All sessions have been continuously monitored by the organizers to provide technical support. The conference ran smoothly, and the participants' feedback was very positive.

Computational design and experimental analysis of a novel visor for COVID-19 patients receiving high-flow nasal oxygen therapy

The Covid-19 global pandemic has reshaped the requirements of healthcare sectors worldwide. Following the exposure risks associated with Covid-19, this paper aims to design, optimise, and validate a wearable medical device that reduces the risk of transmission of contagious droplets from infected patients in a hospital setting. This study specifically focuses on those receiving high-flow nasal oxygen therapy. The design process consisted of optimising the geometry of the visor to ensure that the maximum possible percentage of harmful droplets exhaled by the patient can be successfully captured by a vacuum tube attached to the visor. This has been completed by deriving a number of concept designs and assessing their effectiveness, based on numerical analysis, computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations and experimental testing. The CFD results are validated using various experimental methods such as Schlieren imaging, particle measurement testing and laser sheet visualisation. Droplet capturing efficiency of the visor was measured through CFD and validated through experimental particle measurement testing. The results presented a 5% deviation between CFD and experimental results. Also, the modifications based on the validated CFD results improved the visor effectiveness by 47% and 38% for breathing and coughing events, respectively © 2022 The Author(s)

Designing High-Performance Emergency Care Facilities against COVID-19

This literature review study aimed to develop a set of key evidence-based design recommendations to improve the efficiency and safety of emergency care for COVID-19. Keyword searches for relevant publications were conducted in electronic databases such as PubMed (including Medline), CINAHL, EBSCO, and Google Scholar. The inclusion criteria included: original research studies, research reviews, and expert opinions published in peer-reviewed journals;written in English;related to emergency care;and evaluation of environment design examples and considerations for the management and prevention of COVID-19. Emergency department (ED) design strategies for COVID-19 were emerging and evolving. A total of 41 design recommendations focusing on physical separation, virtual care, ventilation, cleanliness of environmental surfaces, and hand hygiene could potentially contribute to the efficiency and safety of care for COVID-19. A systems approach is needed to coordinate various design and operational strategies to maximize the benefits through multidisciplinary collaboration. The built environment played an important role in the management and prevention of COVID-19 infections. The recommendations will be valuable for healthcare organizations to better prepare for possible future crises involving similar respiratory infection outbreaks. Further research is needed to continue the development and rigorous evaluation of design innovations.

COVID 19 implementation of a partial database

The work is focused on database design and performance analysis. We chose data on COVID 19 in Slovakia. Their modification was preceded by a database design. We achieved the possibility of testing the system by subsequently creating tables and importing modified data. One of the last phases was the final analysis and design of indexes to optimize database performance. © 2022 IEEE.

Supporting Postsecondary Educators to Develop Assessments for Student Learning Based on Backward Design

Assessment of student learning is crucial to capture accurately student understanding of core concepts and competencies as well as to provide relevant feedback for informing teaching and learning. Yet, many instructors in two-year and four-year undergraduate institutions rarely have pedagogical training to design fair instruction and assessments. This qualitative study describes changes occurring in the perspectives and practices of two postsecondary educators teaching introductory biology courses after participating in a one-day workshop on assessments and applying their new knowledge during course implementations. The assessment workshop emphasized the use of “backward design” for course planning and alignment. Learnings particularly focused on using Bloom’s taxonomy and best practices in assessment design. Data from educators’ interviews and samples of their course documents revealed encouraging findings. Even after a short intervention, the educators took initiatives to align course objectives, learning activities, and assessments. And notwithstanding the challenges arising from the COVID-19 pandemic, they also made some changes in formulating and communicating objectives with students, introduced relevant learning activities, and revised assessment questions to reflect best practices. The article discusses these findings and offers the next steps for research on supporting educators to design fair assessments and courses for undergraduate instruction.

Mobile app for COVID-19 patient education – Development process using the analysis, design, development, implementation, and evaluation models

There are many factors that can lead to the transmission of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), one of which is the lack of knowledge on the virus and its prevention, notably in Indonesia. This study was focused to design and build an interactive learning app for COVID-19 education. The design of this study was research and development, and in terms of the app development, it utilized the analysis, design, development, implementation, and evaluation model. The project was carried out from July to December 2021, and it involved 25 study participants. The findings of this study confirmed that the educational app consisted of education, a symptom checker, a list of vaccine information links, the latest news, and COVID-19 statistics. The validity assessment showed that the educational app in this study was very appropriate to be utilized as a digital medium for patient education. In addition, it was also confirmed that all the functions of the app worked well, and participants strongly agreed that the educational materials and features of the app were interesting and helped them to learn COVID-19 prevention easily. It could be concluded that the app could be used as a learning medium for patient education. Further studies, however, were needed to prove its effectiveness in the real clinical world.

Enduring Pandemic Impacts on Capstone Course

The capstone experience at the University of St Thomas (UST) is a two-semester course integrated across four disciplines: mechanical, electrical, computer, and civil engineering. Within the course students design, analyze, finalize, and verify a company sponsored project. The results of projects are presented at a design show open to the public at the end of the second semester. Historically, the purpose of the show was three-fold: 1) provide an opportunity for students to highlight their work to the broader community, 2) demonstrate students' ability to communicate with a range of audiences (ABET Criterion 3, Student Outcome 3), and 3) demonstrate how their designed system meets the requirements of their customer (verification of requirements). Due to COVID limitations on group gatherings, this show could not be held in person in 2020 or 2021;however, the purposes of the show still needed to be met. Therefore, the design show was reimagined in 2021 to require each team to virtually present a short video of their work and briefly answer audience questions. This reimagined design show meant that teams presented their work serially to a general audience with an 8-minute time allotment for each presentation. The audience composition and the time limitation meant that only goals 1) and 2) could realistically be met with a design show. As a result, goal 3) was set up as a brief standalone technical meeting for faculty reviewers that focused on reviewing each requirement and how it was verified. After completing the design show and the verification presentations, we compared student outcomes and informally surveyed faculty, sponsors, and students for their impressions of the modifications. The use of a video to convey the student work was universally popular. Faculty found that the material in a video was concise and clear, students appreciated viewing each other's videos, and sponsors were excited at the opportunity a video offers them to share the student work more broadly within their organizations. The verification review also received positive feedback from both faculty and students. Separating the verification review allowed more focused discussion on how students met the sponsor need and produced improvements in some student outcomes. In addition, a separate presentation simplified preparation for students and provided clearer grading criteria for faculty. These modifications allowed the purpose of the design show to be met and had unexpected benefits for team sponsors and the university. As a consequence, we will continue to require student video creation as we return to face-to-face instruction and will continue to hold a separate verification presentation to demonstrate project completion. The videos will be used during the in-person design show and as supplemental material for sponsors, design reviews, and the school of engineering. © American Society for Engineering Education, 2022

Digital Learning Information System Entrepreneurship in College for Millennials in the Era of the Covid-19 Pandemic

This research aims to develop an entrepreneurial learning information system in high learning by using the Learning Digital Entrepreneurship (ERDIS) model in information system design analysis courses with 4C competency formulation (Communication, Collaboration, Critical thinking, and Creativity). The application of the learning information system Learning Digital Entrepreneurship is very appropriate during the Covid-19 pandemic so that the learning process can run with student independence and the beginning of direct experience in entrepreneurship. With this research, entrepreneurial learning information systems, especially for sharing materials and tests of entrepreneurship education assessment to students to identify students who have an entrepreneurial spirit to realize the millennial generation of entrepreneur spirit in Higher Education. This research uses research and development (RnD) methods, a research method used to produce a particular product and test the effectiveness of that product and as a prototype in the website development business. © 2021 IEEE.

Design Analysis and User Research of Elevator Disinfection Equipment Based on Hall 3D Structure

With the spread of COVID-19,elevators as a confined space and a frequently used tool in human life, have a very urgent need for disinfection. Currently, most elevator disinfection products on the market focus on local disinfection. However, when elevators carry a large number of people and the distance between people is too close, the probability of virus transmission is greatly increased. Then simple local disinfection will not meet the high disinfection requirements. At this point, the expectations generated by the overall disinfection product increase. In this paper, a hard systems approach-Hall 3D structure is used to create a 3D model for the design of elevator disinfection equipment based on the propagation environment of COVID-19. The design process can be carried out in a smooth manner with continuous progress and optimization. This paper presents the whole process of investigation and experimentation for the design of elevator disinfection equipment in a temporal dimension, complemented by a logical dimension and a knowledge dimension to help designers get timely feedback, identify problems in the design process, and conduct actual user experience. The design of the elevator disinfection device was finalized through experimental research. © 2022, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG.

Exploring Learning Analytics for the Course Design Improvement: The Results of a Pilot Experiment

One of the most crucial challenges in e-learning is the course's quality and learning analytics to ensure it is one of the prominent avenues to be taken in the field. The paper initially aims to present the literature review findings on the benefits and challenges of learning analytics for higher education. Secondly, it shows the results of the pilot experiment. The experiment methodology comprises two cases. The first case presents course design quality solely based on learning analytics data. The second case describes the course design's quality using the proposed framework based on both data from learning analytics and a survey including specified criteria. Although the pilot experiment is limited to the number of courses included and a small sample, it provided significant insights into the benefits and challenges of learning analytics as a tool for course design improvement and course design quality interpretation.

Design and Feature Analysis of a Thermally Coupled Corona Discharge Air Disinfection Device

The COVID-19 caused by the novel coronavirus is still spreading globally, and blocking its airborne transmission route is of great significance to control the pandemic. The conventional plasma air disinfection devices show advantages in their dynamic and rapid capabilities, but the disinfection performance is limited by a single method, besides, there exists the risk of secondary infection during maintenance. In this work, according to the physiological characteristics of the novel coronavirus, an air disinfection device based on thermally coupled corona discharge was proposed for the improvement of conventional plasma air disinfection technology, which adopted the wire-plate array electrode structure to initiate corona discharge, and utilized heating wires embedded in the collection plate to achieve centralized heating. The discharge para-meters were measured, and a discharge power at stable operation was discovered to be as high as 5.6 W, for which the discharge law was found to obey the Townsend relationship. Measurement and simulation of the thermal parameters showed that, compared with the overall air heating, the efficiency of centralized heating was increased by 17 times, with minimal impact on the ambient temperature. Bacillus amyloliquefaciens and Bacillus subtilis bacteriophages were used as model bacteria and virus to verify the disinfection performance. Results demonstrate that the killing performance is effectively enhanced via thermally coupled corona discharge, with a removal rate of residual virus on the collection plate increasing by 99.97%, thereby reducing the risk of secondary infection. This work lays a device foundation for killing the airborne novel coronavirus, and also provides a technical reference for cutting its airborne transmission. © 2022, High Voltage Engineering Editorial Department of CEPRI. All right reserved.

Mechatronics Design and Kinematic Analysis of Mecanum Wheeled Mobile Robot for Covid-19 Disinfection with UV Rays applied on Indoor Environments

Since 2020, there has been a critical health situation in the entire population of Peru due to the appearance of the COVID-19 virus. People who have to work or leave home, put their families at risk because they can infect or transmit the virus. Therefore, this research, conducted under the supervision of the School of Mechatronics Engineering of the Ricardo Palma University, aims to design a mobile robot that emits ultraviolet-UV rays for the disinfection of rooms in houses, in order to disinfect possible contaminated areas. The robot has a mechanical design that consists of 4 mecanum type wheels and a robotic arm of 2 degrees of freedom -DOF. The motion system is controlled by 4 direct current-DC motors and its respective controller, connected to the Raspberry Pi microprocessor, and it is also powered by 2 batteries of 12 V. The robot's function is to sterilize the virus both with its main structure and its extension. This study presents a mechatronic conceptual design using SolidWorks 2020 software for the development of the 3D mechanical systems, Proteus 8 for the technical schematics of the electrical and electronic circuits, and in addition, MATLAB 2020a for the kinematic motion tests of the robotic platform and Gazebo for the motion simulation. This paper has centered on the study of the platform motion and its mechanical design. In conclusion, due to the good results of the mobile prototype and UV rays as a disinfection method, the integration of the first prototype is planned for February 2022 for its first application in some houses in Peru. © 2021 IEEE.

Fuzzy logic programming and adaptable design of medical products for the COVID-19 anti-epidemic normalization.

BACKGROUND: The COVID-19 prevention and control constantly affects lives worldwide. In this paper, household medical products were analyzed using fuzzy logic. Considering the household anti-epidemic status, economic and environmental benefits, the adaptable design method of anti-epidemic products in the vestibule was proposed. The measure of adaptable design method still have shortcomings. Therefore, an improved method that is based on fuzzy logic programming is required. METHOD: Firstly, common medical product types used in vestibules and household anti-epidemic products were identified and summarized into product sets. Then matching degree matrix was obtained by functional configuration decomposition and matching calculations. Secondly, experts were invited to evaluate the paired comparative probability matrices and linguistic variables, and the evaluation data were converted by trapezoidal membership functions, fuzzy numbers and the defuzzification method to obtain the usage probability values (PR) for product functions. Finally, the matching degree value (P) and the product function (PF) were calculated by adaptability measure formula, and product function, the adaptability factor and the adaptability (A) were obtained. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION: Our results show that the degree of adaptability of each product function in the product set from PF1 to PF10can be evaluated. Based on the principles of sorting of values from high to low, the top five PF (n = 10) for P value is PF10, PF5, PF6, PF8 and PF1; The top five PF for P value is PF2, PF1, PF3, PF7 and PF8; The top five PF for A value is PF2(0.242), PF1(0.232), PF5(0.225), PF8(0.222) and PF3(0.221). These values allow us to summarize and draw visual charts according to the above data sorting mode. The higher the value of the product function, the more it can be prioritized for design development with functional cost savings, simplification or clustering. CONCLUSION: This study proposes an adaptable design method based on fuzzy logic programming. The data results in this study can guide the development and programming of the vestibule anti-epidemic products. The higher adaptability value of a product function indicates that it is more capable of being simplified, clustered, and adapting to changes in the product set.